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ISC CISSP（Certified Information Systems Security Professional）認證考試是一個具有挑戰性和受人尊敬的認證，可以幫助專業人士在信息安全領域推進自己的職業生涯。該認證涵蓋與信息安全有關的各種主題，要求候選人在該領域具有至少五年的專業經驗。獲得認證的好處眾多，包括職業晉升機會、訪問專業人士網絡和世界各地的組織和企業的認可。

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最新的 ISC Certification CISSP 免費考試真題 (Q1041-Q1046):

問題 #1041
Legacy single sign on (SSO) is:

A. A mechanism where users can authenticate themselves once, and then a central repository of their credentials is used to launch various legacy applications.
B. Technology to manage passwords consistently across multiple platforms, enforcing policies such as password change intervals.
C. Another way of referring to SESAME and KryptoKnight, now that Kerberos is the de-facto industry standard single sign on mechanism.
D. Technology to allow users to authenticate to every application by entering the same user ID and password each time, thus having to remember only a single password.

答案：A

解題說明：
A mechanism where users can authenticate themselves once, and then a central
repository of their credentials is used to launch various legacy applications.
The following answers are incorrect:
Technology to allow users to authenticate to every application by entering the same user ID and
password each time, thus having to remember only a single password.
This is a detractor. Note that it is not even a descripton of SSO, because the user is entering user
ID and password for EACH access attempt.
Technology to manage passwords consistently across multiple platforms, enforcing policies such
as password change intervals.
This is a good description for Identity Management Password Management system, but not for
Legacy SSO.
Another way of referring to SESAME and KryptoKnight, now that Kerberos is the de-facto industry
standard single sign on mechanism. This is a detractor.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK 2007, pg 176:
"many legacy systems do not support an external means to identify and authenticate users.
Therefore, it is possible to store the credentials outside of the various applications and have them
automatically entered on behalf of the user when an application is launched."

問題 #1042
Why do buffer overflows happen? What is the main cause?

A. Because of insufficient system memory
B. Because buffers can only hold so much data
C. Because of improper parameter checking within the application
D. Because they are an easy weakness to exploit

答案：C

解題說明：
Buffer Overflow attack takes advantage of improper parameter checking within the
application. This is the classic form of buffer overflow and occurs because the programmer
accepts whatever input the user supplies without checking to make sure that the length of the
input is less than the size of the buffer in the program.
The buffer overflow problem is one of the oldest and most common problems in software
development and programming, dating back to the introduction of interactive computing. It can
result when a program fills up the assigned buffer of memory with more data than its buffer can
hold. When the program begins to write beyond the end of the buffer, the program's execution
path can be changed, or data can be written into areas used by the operating system itself. This
can lead to the insertion of malicious code that can be used to gain administrative privileges on the
program or system.
As explained by Gaurab, it can become very complex. At the time of input even if you are checking
the length of the input, it has to be check against the buffer size. Consider a case where entry
point of data is stored in Buffer1 of Application1 and then you copy it to Buffer2 within Application2
later on, if you are just checking the length of data against Buffer1, it will not ensure that it will not
cause a buffer overflow in Buffer2 of Application2.
A bit of reassurance from the ISC2 book about level of Coding Knowledge needed for the exam:
It should be noted that the CISSP is not required to be an expert programmer or know the inner
workings of developing application software code, like the FORTRAN programming language, or
how to develop Web applet code using Java. It is not even necessary that the CISSP know
detailed security-specific coding practices such as the major divisions of buffer overflow exploits or
the reason for preferring str(n)cpy to strcpy in the C language (although all such knowledge is, of
course, helpful). Because the CISSP may be the person responsible for ensuring that security is
included in such developments, the CISSP should know the basic procedures and concepts
involved during the design and development of software programming. That is, in order for the
CISSP to monitor the software development process and verify that security is included, the
CISSP must understand the fundamental concepts of programming developments and the security
strengths and weaknesses of various application development processes.
The following are incorrect answers:
"Because buffers can only hold so much data" is incorrect. This is certainly true but is not the best
answer because the finite size of the buffer is not the problem -- the problem is that the
programmer did not check the size of the input before moving it into the buffer.
"Because they are an easy weakness to exploit" is incorrect. This answer is sometimes true but is
not the best answer because the root cause of the buffer overflow is that the programmer did not
check the size of the user input.
"Because of insufficient system memory" is incorrect. This is irrelevant to the occurrence of a
buffer overflow.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition
((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 13319-13323). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition.

問題 #1043
Which of the following would best define the "Wap Gap" security issue?

A. The inability of wireless devices to implement strong encryption
B. The fact that Wireless communications are far easier to intercept than wired communications
C. The processing capability gap between wireless devices and PC's
D. The fact that WTLS transmissions have to be decrypted at the carrier's WAP gateway to be re-encrypted with SSL for use over wired networks.

答案：D

問題 #1044
Which Orange book security rating is the FIRST to be concerned with covert channels?

A. B3
B. B2
C. B1
D. A1

答案：B

解題說明：
This class ("Structured Protection") requires more stringent authentication mechanisms and well-defined interfaces between layers. Subjects and devices require labels and the system must not allow covert channels.
A1 is incorrect. A1 is also called "Verified Design" and requires formal verification of the design
and specifications.
B3 is incorrect. B3 is also called "Security Domains" and imposes more granularity in each
protection mechanism.
B1 is incorrect. B1 is also called "Labeled Security" and each data object must have a
classification label and each subject a clearance label. On each access attempt, the classification
and clearance are checked to verify that the access is permissible.
EXAM TIP:
The CBK only discusses the TCSEC in a very minimal fashion and the details are presented in a
much more completely in the Shon Harris, All In One book. Folk wisdom has it that this reflects the
CBK/security industry migration away from the TCSEC to the CC but the wise candidate will
develop at least some familiarity with the TCSEC. There are still questions on TCSEC showing up
randomly on the exam.
NOTE FROM CLEMENT:
As of today (April 2014) subjects such as the TCSEC are still proclaimed to be on the exam. Do
make sure that you take some time to review the TCSEC ratings.
You can download a nice one page resume of the TCSEC rating at the following link:
https://www.freepracticetests.org/documents/tcsec.pdf
Do study this one page document and get familiar with what is being introduced at each of the
TCSEC levels. Good questions might be for example:
1.At what level are labels introduced?
2.At what level is the Security Administrator role defined?
3.At what level are covert channel first introduced?
4.At what level do you use formal methods?
References:
The Official ISC2 CBK study guide, pages 329 - 330.
AIO3, pp. 302 - 306
AIOv4 Security Architecture and Design (pages 357 - 361)
AIOv5 Security Architecture and Design (pages 358 - 362)

問題 #1045
What principle focuses on the uniqueness of separate objects that must be joined together to perform a task? It is sometimes referred to as "what each must bring" and joined together when getting access or decrypting a file. Each of which does not reveal the other?

A. Split knowledge
B. Need to know
C. Dual control
D. Separation of duties

答案：A

解題說明：
Split knowledge involves encryption keys being separated into two components,
each of which does not reveal the other. Split knowledge is the other complementary access
control principle to dual control.
In cryptographic terms, one could say dual control and split knowledge are properly implemented if
no one person has access to or knowledge of the content of the complete cryptographic key being
protected by the two rocesses.
The sound implementation of dual control and split knowledge in a cryptographic environment
necessarily means that the quickest way to break the key would be through the best attack known
for the algorithm of that key. The principles of dual control and split knowledge primarily apply to
access to plaintext keys.
Access to cryptographic keys used for encrypting and decrypting data or access to keys that are
encrypted under a master key (which may or may not be maintained under dual control and split
knowledge) do not require dual control and split knowledge. Dual control and split knowledge can
be summed up as the determination of any part of a key being protected must require the collusion
between two or more persons with each supplying unique cryptographic materials that must be
joined together to access the protected key.
Any feasible method to violate the axiom means that the principles of dual control and split
knowledge are not being upheld.
Split knowledge is the unique "what each must bring" and joined together when implementing dual
control. To illustrate, a box containing petty cash is secured by one combination lock and one
keyed lock. One employee is given the combination to the combo lock and another employee has
possession of the correct key to the keyed lock.
In order to get the cash out of the box both employees must be present at the cash box at the
same time. One cannot open the box without the other. This is the aspect of dual control.
On the other hand, split knowledge is exemplified here by the different objects (the combination to
the combo lock and the correct physical key), both of which are unique and necessary, that each
brings to the meeting. Split knowledge focuses on the uniqueness of separate objects that must be
joined together.
Dual control has to do with forcing the collusion of at least two or more persons to combine their
split knowledge to gain access to an asset. Both split knowledge and dual control complement
each other and are necessary functions that implement the segregation of duties in high integrity
cryptographic environments.
The following are incorrect answers:
Dual control is a procedure that uses two or more entities (usually persons) operating in concert to
protect a system resource, such that no single entity acting alone can access that resource. Dual
control is implemented as a security procedure that requires two or more persons to come
together and collude to complete a process. In a cryptographic system the two (or more) persons
would each supply a unique key, that when taken together, performs a cryptographic process.
Split knowledge is the other complementary access control principle to dual control.
Separation of duties - The practice of dividing the steps in a system function among different
individuals, so as to keep a single individual from subverting the process.
The need-to-know principle requires a user having necessity for access to, knowledge of, or
possession of specific information required to perform official tasks or services.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Schneiter, Andrew (2013-04-15). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition :
Cryptography (Kindle Locations 1621-1635). . Kindle Edition.
and
Schneiter, Andrew (2013-04-15). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition :
Cryptography (Kindle Locations 1643-1650). . Kindle Edition.
and
Shon Harris, CISSP All In One (AIO), 6th Edition , page 126

問題 #1046
......

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